.NET engineers. Much of the software for running power plants, grids and power markets is built on the Microsoft stack. .NET engineers build it in C# with React or Angular, SQL Server and Oracle, at GE Vernova and Energy Exemplar above all. They are more than twice as common here as at a typical product company.

Java backend and full-stack engineers. GE Vernova's grid and plant software, Quorum Software and the solar-inverter maker Enphase Energy run on Java. Java engineers build it in Spring Boot, mostly full-stack with Angular or React, on Kubernetes and AWS. Java holds about its usual place, and well above it in making the power.

Embedded firmware engineers. Inverters, battery systems, protection relays and meters all run on software inside them. Firmware engineers write it in C and C++, and connect equipment over Modbus, CAN bus and SCADA systems, some with Simulink models. GE Vernova hires the most, followed by Hitachi Energy, the battery-storage company Fluence, the energy-technology company Baker Hughes and Enphase Energy. They are above their usual weight.

Generalist software engineers in Energy and climate tech. GE Vernova hires many engineers under a plain software engineer title, in Python and Java with GitHub Actions. They are about twice as common here as elsewhere, and they are hired almost entirely with experience.

Data engineers. Energy markets and utility customers produce large streams of prices, readings and bills. Data engineers build the pipelines at the energy-data company Arcadia, the battery-storage software company Stem, the energy-data platform Zema Global Data, the energy research company Wood Mackenzie and Energy Exemplar, in Python and SQL with Spark, Databricks and Snowflake. They are above their usual weight.

JavaScript and Node engineers. The energy-market research company Aurora Energy Research hires most of the Node engineers here, in TypeScript with React and Express, and the gas-measurement company Picarro hires the rest. Node engineers are about twice as common here as elsewhere.

Test engineers. Hitachi Energy, GE Vernova and the energy simulation company Kongsberg Digital hire testers, in Playwright and Cypress, with a notable share of manual and embedded testing. Testers are less common here than at most product companies, but they take juniors readily.

C/C++ systems engineers. GE Vernova, Hitachi Energy and Baker Hughes hire C/C++ systems engineers for control and protection systems. They are below their usual weight, and they take juniors more readily than most roles here.

Cloud and DevOps engineers. Cloud engineers are well below their usual weight, at GE Vernova and the smart-panel maker SPAN, in Python with Kubernetes on AWS and Azure.

Also present. Frontend engineers, full-stack engineers at the smart-meter and home-energy companies, like Itron, Uplight and Bidgely, GenAI engineers at GE Vernova, generalist software engineers, ML engineers at the climate-AI start-up Sustainability Economics.ai and GE Vernova, Python engineers at Arcadia, SAP developers at the sustainability-software company Sphera, platform developers and mobile engineers.

Rare here. Security and Salesforce work barely appear.