Manufacturing tech is the machines that make things and the software that designs and runs them. Its companies build control systems, design software, shop-floor software, machine monitoring, industrial machines and robots, building systems and heavy equipment, like Caterpillar, Autodesk, Rockwell Automation, Danfoss and Johnson Controls, and more is on the Manufacturing tech page.

Automotive and mobility is the software in and around vehicles. Its companies build the car's dashboard, self-driving and connected-car platforms, fleet tracking, dealer systems, ride-hailing apps, parts and batteries, charging, railways, fares and tolls, and India's electric two-wheelers, like HARMAN, Solera, Uber, Wabtec and Ather Energy, and more is on the Automotive and mobility page.

Aerospace, defence and space is the software of things that fly. Its companies build aircraft, engines and avionics, drones and defence systems, Earth-observation satellites and the software used to fly and maintain aircraft, like Boeing, Collins Aerospace, GE Aerospace, ideaForge and Pixxel, and more is on the Aerospace, defence and space page.

Energy and climate tech is the equipment and software that make, move, trade and account for power. Its companies build turbines, solar and batteries, the smart grid and smart meters, energy trading software, plant monitoring and the tools that count carbon, like GE Vernova, Hitachi Energy, Itron, Energy Exemplar and Sphera, and more is on the Energy and climate tech page.

The battery joins the road to the grid. The battery makers in Automotive and mobility, like Agratas and EMO.energy, also build storage for the grid, and Saft makes batteries for aircraft as well as for power systems. Charging networks like ChargePoint reach into the home's own energy system, and smart charging lets millions of electric vehicles draw power when the grid has it to spare, or even send it back. Solar companies like First Solar and Nextracker also appear in Manufacturing tech, among the materials makers and the machine-monitoring platforms. In India, where electric two- and three-wheelers are common and battery swapping runs in many cities, battery software from Bengaluru start-ups serves vehicles and the grid at once.

Every vertical in this Domain is learning to watch its machines. The predictive maintenance platforms of Manufacturing tech, the digital twins of power plants and oilfields, the fleet cameras of Automotive and mobility and the maintenance records of aircraft all do the same work, catching a failure before it stops a line, a truck, a turbine or a flight. Hexagon R&D India works on design software, inspection and plant monitoring at once, and Cognite's industrial data platform serves factories and energy companies alike. Machines are also learning to move on their own, from driverless haul trucks in mines and tractors that spray only weeds, to self-driving cars, autonomous drones and metro trains with no driver. Applied Intuition builds the simulation software for both self-driving cars and defence drones.

For an engineer, the Domain is joined by embedded software. Embedded firmware engineers are far more common in all four Industry Verticals than at a typical product company, writing for a car's dashboard, a jet engine, a solar inverter or a factory controller in C and C++, with industrial standards like CAN bus and Modbus. Beside them, each vertical runs its business on enterprise software, so .NET engineers are common at the dealer-software, building-systems and energy-trading companies. The door for juniors differs widely, narrow in automotive and wide at the drone and satellite start-ups, at railway technology and at the design-software makers.