Skills deep-dive

Data Science & ML

Section 1 / The Floor

The minimum skill expectations for the role

7MUST-HAVE SKILLS
Skills · ranked by prevalence
01Python78.0%the whole stack speaks it
02PyTorch42.8%the default deep learning entry
03Model Deployment34.6%shipping beats training
04Scikit-learn27.0%classical models still do the work
05MLOps20.8%models must survive production
06NumPy17.6%the numeric floor under everything
07Pandas17.6%where every dataset gets handled
Floor skills derived from validated fresher-accessible postings across Indian job boards for the data science & ml profile.
Section 2 / Pick Your Track

Where to specialize once you're in

01

CLASSICAL ML

← THE STATS CORE
FA share31.7%of fresher postings
Entry pay4to ₹11LPA · min to typical · profile-wide
On top of the floor
TensorFlowStatisticsFeature EngineeringModel Evaluation

MNC and GCC led, with services firms, product companies and a smaller-employer tail.

02

GENAI / LLM

← THE EMERGING TRACK
FA share24.2%of fresher postings
Entry pay4to ₹11LPA · min to typical · profile-wide
On top of the floor
AWSLangChainAzure

MNC-led, with established mid-size firms, services shops and a little elite tech.

Thin, fast-moving sample, so the GenAI picture will keep shifting.
03

COMPUTER VISION

← THE VISION NICHE
FA share21.1%of fresher postings
Entry pay4to ₹11LPA · min to typical · profile-wide
On top of the floor
Computer Vision AlgorithmsImage ProcessingOpenCVTensorFlowVideo Analytics

Broadly spread across MNCs, startups, mid-size firms and services, with no clear leader.

Small sample, so the vision niche's numbers are indicative only.
04

NLP

← THE PREMIUM OUTLIER
FA share14.3%of fresher postings
Entry pay4to ₹11LPA · min to typical · profile-wide
On top of the floor
Distributed SystemsSystem DesignInformation Retrieval

The most MAANG-weighted DS track, though on very few postings, with domestic and MNC roles behind.

Very thin sample, so the high pay rests on few postings.
05

SPEECH / AUDIO

← THE AUDIO NICHE
FA share5.6%of fresher postings
Entry pay4to ₹11LPA · min to typical · profile-wide
On top of the floor
Speech ProcessingTransformersModel EvaluationC/C++Reinforcement Learning

MAANG-weighted with MNC support, on a handful of specialist postings.

A handful of postings, so every figure is illustrative only.
Track shares and entry-level salary ranges (minimum to mean) derived from validated fresher-accessible postings across Indian job boards for the data science & ml profile.
Section 3 / The Skill Arc

The skills that grow with your seniority

A

Senior skew - what skills grow more important with seniority.

Rising · FA → SR
01MLOps
FA20.8%
SR37.2%
+16.4 pp
02Azure
FA20.1%
SR33.0%
+12.9 pp
03Spark
FA4.4%
SR16.0%
+11.6 pp
04GCP
FA18.9%
SR30.2%
+11.3 pp
05TensorFlow
FA35.8%
SR45.5%
+9.6 pp
06Kubernetes
FA10.7%
SR20.1%
+9.4 pp
07Data Pipelines
FA11.9%
SR20.8%
+8.9 pp
08SQL
FA18.9%
SR26.4%
+7.5 pp
09MLflow
FA6.9%
SR13.9%
+7.0 pp
Fading · FA → SR
01Algorithms
FA34.6%
SR17.7%
-16.9 pp
02Computer Vision Algorithms
FA26.4%
SR13.2%
-13.2 pp
03Git
FA26.4%
SR13.9%
-12.5 pp
04Data Structures
FA23.9%
SR11.8%
-12.1 pp
05Image Processing
FA12.6%
SR2.8%
-9.8 pp
B

Portability - what skills remain valued in other profiles.

Portable · cross-profile spread (out of 15)
01SQL
12/15
Data Analytics & BI64%Data Engineering58%Fullstack Development42%
02Java
12/15
Backend Development59%QA & Testing42%Fullstack Development39%
03Python
11/15
AI & LLM Applications76%Data Engineering73%DevOps & Platform Engineering54%
04AWS
10/15
DevOps & Platform Engineering44%Data Engineering44%Fullstack Development41%
05Docker
8/15
Backend Development28%DevOps & Platform Engineering25%AI & LLM Applications24%
06Kubernetes
8/15
DevOps & Platform Engineering35%Security Engineering27%Backend Development22%
07Azure
7/15
Data Engineering30%AI & LLM Applications28%DevOps & Platform Engineering28%
08GCP
7/15
AI & LLM Applications26%Security Engineering25%DevOps & Platform Engineering22%
09Distributed Systems
7/15
Backend Development20%DevOps & Platform Engineering16%AI & LLM Applications14%
Locked · stays inside the profile
01Model Deployment1/15
02Computer Vision Algorithms1/15
03Scikit-learn1/15
04Statistics1/15
05Pandas1/15
06PyTorch2/15
07TensorFlow2/15
08Model Evaluation2/15
09MLOps2/15
10Model Monitoring2/15
Skill arc derived from validated postings across Indian job boards for the data science & ml profile, comparing fresher-accessible and senior prevalence. Cross-profile spread computed at a one-in-ten prevalence threshold across all 15 profiles.
Section 4 / Targeting your Company Pool

Which skills each employer tier wants

MAANG and Tier-1 Global Tech

n = 130usable
CompaniesGoogleMetaAmazonMicrosoft ResearchAnthropic
Skill skew · MAANG and Tier-1 Global Tech vs IT Services & BPO
% in MAANGSkill% in IT ServicesSkew
53.1%
Distributed Systems
7.5%
+45.5 pp
40.8%
Algorithms
1.9%
+38.9 pp
37.7%
Data Structures
0.0%
+37.7 pp
31.5%
C/C++
0.0%
+31.5 pp
26.2%
Information Retrieval
0.0%
+26.2 pp
29.2%
Reinforcement Learning
3.8%
+25.5 pp
26.9%
Java
1.9%
+25.0 pp
26.2%
UI Design
1.9%
+24.3 pp
40.8%
Code Reviews
17.0%
+23.8 pp

IT Services & BPO

n = 53borderline
CompaniesTCSInfosysWiproHCLCognizant
Skill skew · MAANG and Tier-1 Global Tech vs IT Services & BPO
% in MAANGSkill% in IT ServicesSkew
10.8%
PyTorch
52.8%
-42.1 pp
14.6%
TensorFlow
56.6%
-42.0 pp
42.3%
Python
83.0%
-40.7 pp
3.8%
Agile
41.5%
-37.7 pp
3.1%
AWS
39.6%
-36.5 pp
1.5%
Azure
35.8%
-34.3 pp
0.8%
Docker
34.0%
-33.2 pp
0.8%
Git
32.1%
-31.3 pp
2.3%
Kubernetes
28.3%
-26.0 pp
Company-pool skills derived from validated postings across Indian job boards for the data science & ml profile, scoped to two company classes: MAANG and Tier-1 Global Tech, and IT Services & BPO.