Why two-wheelers came first. For most Indian families, the family vehicle is a scooter or a motorcycle. An electric two-wheeler has a small battery, which can be charged at home from an ordinary socket. It costs far less to run per kilometre than a petrol one. The government has also paid subsidies to lower the price of electric two-wheelers.

Two kinds of makers. The long-established two-wheeler makers have added electric models to their range. Beside them, a group of start-ups has built electric scooters and motorcycles from the start. This Market Segment is about those start-ups.

Built from the software up. These start-ups treat the vehicle as a connected device, much like a phone:

Built from the software up: the start-ups treat the electric two-wheeler as a connected device, with their own operating system, their own battery management, their own app and updates over the air.

Some makers design their vehicles around swappable batteries instead of charging. (More on charging and swapping in Market Segment 38.8, EV charging networks and battery swapping.)

All four companies here are from Bengaluru.

Every company named here has posted software engineering jobs in India. Famous companies that don't actively hire software engineers in India are left out.