A publisher that lives online is a software company. Its journalism is read and paid for only if its software works:

Targeting ads by the page, not the person. Ads used to follow each reader around the web, using data about who they were. Privacy rules and browser changes are ending that. So publishers now choose ads by what a page is about, such as a recipe or a car review. This is called contextual advertising.

Newspapers going online. India's newspaper houses still sell printed papers, but readers and advertisers are moving online. Each has built a digital arm, which runs its websites and apps.
Publishers for one audience. Some publishers cover one industry, such as start-ups or data science. They earn from news, and also from the awards and conferences they run for that industry.
Every company named here has posted software engineering jobs in India. Famous companies that don't actively hire software engineers in India are left out.
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Continue with Google- Online publishers and India's newspaper houses
Large online publishers
India's newspaper houses
Publishers for one audience
HT Media, Indian Express and India Today are not covered in this Market Segment. Condé Nast and News Corp. run their own engineering centres in India.
Online publishers were built on traffic from search. Now search engines answer with an AI summary of the page, and the reader may never visit it. Publishers are responding with subscriptions, newsletters, events, and deals to license their content to the companies that build AI models. Their software is being rebuilt around readers they know, rather than visitors they pay to attract.
Who these companies hire, and for what, is on What news, publishing and social media companies hire for.